Undisturbing Birth Workshop: Selected references
Copyright Dr Sarah Buckley 2014
This page is a handout for those who have attended my talks and workshops.
It includes the major medical/scientific references that form the basis of my talks and workshops. Additional references are in my book Gentle Birth. Gentle Mothering (2009)
My articles online and free!
- My ecstatic birth ebook is available when you sign up for my professional elist here
- For parents, a more basic ebook about the hormones of labour and birth is available when you sign up for the parents elist here.
- You are welcome to sign up for both books and elists!
- More of my articles on third stage, lotus birth and more here
My talks on video
My whole Undisturbing Birth workshop is available on DVD, including my lectures with Powerpoint slides. Free shipping worldwide. More information here
My talks online
These talks and more are available as webinars on my GentleNaturalBirth membership site. For a monthly fee, you can get my expert opinion in important areas including Vitamin K, Group B Strep, induction for going overdue and cord blood banking. More information here.
My upcoming talks
For my upcoming talks and workshops worldwide, see my schedule here.
The Hormonal Physiology of Normal Birth/Impact of Intervention
Full references and detailed information in: Gentle Birth, Gentle Mothering: A Doctor’s Guide to Natural Childbirth and Gentle Early Parenting Choices (Celestial Arts 2009)
Research highlighted in my workshops are displayed in bold
Agren G, Uvnas-Moberg K, Lundeberg T.(1997) Olfactory cues from an oxytocin-injected male rat can induce anti-nociception in its cagemates. Neuroreport. 8(14):3073-76.
Alehagen, S., B. Wijma, et al. (2005). Fear, pain and stress hormones during childbirth. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 26(3): 153-65.
Bell AF, White-Traut R, Rankin K. Fetal exposure to synthetic oxytocin and the relationship with prefeeding cues within one hour postbirth. Early human development 2013;89(3):137-43 doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.09.017
Beilin, Y., C. A. Bodian, et al. (2005). Effect of labor epidural analgesia with and without fentanyl on infant breast-feeding: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study Anesthesiology 103(6): 1211-7.
Bystrova K, Widstrom AM, Matthiesen AS, et al. Skin-to-skin contact may reduce negative consequences of “the stress of being born”: a study on temperature in newborn infants, subjected to different ward routines in St. Petersburg. Acta Paediatr. 2003;92(3):320-326
Carter CS. Developmental consequences of oxytocin. (2003) Physiol Behav 79(3):383-397.
Chen YM, Li Z, Wang AJ, et al. [Effect of labor analgesia with ropivacaine on the lactation of paturients]. Zhonghua fu chan ke za zhi 2008;43(7):502-5
Clark SL, KR Simpson, et al. (2009) Oxytocin: new perspectives on an old drug Am J Obstet Gynecol.(1):35.e1-6
Csaba G, Knippel B, Karabelyos C, et al. (2003) Effect of neonatal beta-endorphin imprinting on sexual behavior and brain serotonin level in adult rats. Life Sci. 73(1):103-114.
Declercq, E. R., C. Sakala, et al. (2006). Listening to Mothers II: Report of the Second National U.S. Survey of Women’s Childbearing Experiences. New York, Childbirth Connection.
Fisher, J, Astbury, J. et al. (1997). Adverse psychological impact of operative obstetric interventions: a prospective longitudinal study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 31(5): 728-38.
Fogelson NS, Menard MK, Hulsey T, Ebeling M. Neonatal impact of elective repeat cesarean delivery at term: a comment on patient choice cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. May 2005;192(5):1433-1436
Fratelli N, Prefumo F, et al (2011) Effects of epidural analgesia on uterine artery Doppler in labour. Br J Anaesth. 2011 Feb;106(2):221-4. Epub 2010 Nov 24.
Fuchs AR, Fuchs F, Husslein P, Soloff MS. Oxytocin receptors in the human uterus during pregnancy and parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Nov 15 1984;150(6):734-741
Fuchs AR, Romero R, Keefe D, et al. Oxytocin secretion and human parturition: pulse frequency and duration increase during spontaneous labor in women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Nov 1991;165(5 Pt 1):1515-1523
Garcia-Fortea P, Gonzalez-Mesa E, Blasco M, et al. Oxytocin administered during labor and breastfeeding: A retrospective cohort study. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstet 2013 doi: 10.3109/14767058.2013.871255[published Online First: Epub Date]|.
Hodnett ED, Gates S, Hofmeyr GJ, et al. Continuous support for women during childbirth. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) 2013;7:Cd003766 doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003766.pub5[published Online First: Epub Date]|.
Hoffman DI, Abboud TK, Haase HR,et al. Plasma beta-endorphin concentrations prior to and during pregnancy, in labor, and after delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Nov 1 1984;150(5 Pt 1):492-496.
Iovine V. The Girlfriends Guide to Pregnancy. New York: Pocket Books, 1995.
Jacobson B, Nyberg K,et al (1990) Opiate addiction 728-38.in adult offspring through possible imprinting after obstetric treatment. Br Med J 301(6760):1067-1070.
Jonas W, Wiklund I, et al. (2007) Newborn skin temperature two days postpartum during breastfeeding related to different labour ward practices. Early Hum Dev. 83(1):55-62.
Jonas, W., L. M. Johansson, et al. (2009). Effects of Intrapartum Oxytocin Administration and Epidural Analgesia on the Concentration of Plasma Oxytocin and Prolactin, in Response to Suckling During the Second Day Postpartum. Breastfeed Med.(2):71-8
Jonas, W., E. Nissen, et al. (2008). Influence of oxytocin or epidural analgesia on personality profile in breastfeeding women: a comparative study. Arch Women’s Ment Health 11(5-6): 335-45.
Jordan, S., S. Emery, et al. (2005). The impact of intrapartum analgesia on infant feeding. BJOG 112(7): 927-34.
Jordan, S., S. Emery, et al. (2009). Associations of drugs routinely given in labour with breastfeeding at 48 hours: analysis of the Cardiff Births Survey BJOG 116(12):1622-9
Kloosterman, G.J. (1982). The universal aspects of childbirth: Human birth as a socio- psychosomatic paradigm. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1(1): 35-41.
Kotaska, A. J., M. C. Klein, et al. (2006). Epidural analgesia associated with low-dose oxytocin augmentation increases cesarean births: a critical look at the external validity of randomized trials. Am J Obstet Gynecol 194(3): 809-14.
Lagercrantz, H., J. Peyronnet, et al. (2001). Catecholamines, hypoxic defence and the neonatal brain. Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl 86: 28-9.
Lagercrantz, H. and T. A. Slotkin (1986). The “stress” of being born. Sci Am 254(4): 100-7.
Lederman, R. P., E. Lederman, et al. (1985). Anxiety and epinephrine in multiparous women in labor: relationship to duration of labor and fetal heart rate pattern. Am J Obstet Gynecol 153(8): 870-7.
Leighton BL, Halpern SH. Epidural analgesia: effects on labor progress and maternal and neonatal outcome. Seminars in perinatology 2002;26(2):122-35
Lee HJ, Macbeth AH, Pagani JH, Young WS 3rd Oxytocin: the great facilitator of life. Prog Neurobiol. 2009 Jun;88(2):127-51. Epub 2009 Apr 10 (Free at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19482229)
Lieberman, E., K. Davidson, et al. (2005). Changes in fetal position during labor and their association with epidural analgesia. Obstet Gynecol 105(5): 974-82
Mesa EG. Hard data about the side effects of synthetic oxytocin The Mid-Pacific Conference on Birth and Primal Health Research. The Hawaii Convention Centre, Honolulu
Leighton BL, Halpern SH. Epidural analgesia: effects on labor progress and maternal and neonatal outcome. Seminars in perinatology 2002;26(2):122-35
Nissen E, Uvnas-Moberg K, Svensson K, Stock S, Widstrom AM, Winberg J. Different patterns of oxytocin, prolactin but not cortisol release during breastfeeding in women delivered by caesarean section or by the vaginal route. Early Hum Dev. Jul 5 1996;45(1-2):103-118, p 116.
Naaktgeboren, C. (1989). The biology of childbirth. In: Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth. I. Chalmers, M. Enkin and M. N. Keirse. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Nyberg K. Long-term effects of labor analgesia. (2000) J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 29(3):226.
Odent M. (1998) Don’t manage the third stage of labour! Pract Midwife. 1(9):31-3
Odent M. (2001) New reasons and new ways to study birth physiology. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 75 Suppl 1:S39-45.
Olza Fernandez I, Marin Gabriel M, Malalana Martinez A, et al. Newborn feeding behaviour depressed by intrapartum oxytocin: a pilot study. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) 2012;101(7):749-54 doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2012.02668.x[
Phaneuf S, Rodriguez et al. (2000) Loss of myometrial oxytocin receptors during oxytocin-induced and oxytocin-augmented labour. J Reprod Fertil. 120(1):91-97.
Phillip H, Fletcher H, Reid M. (2004) The impact of induced labour on postpartum blood loss. J Obstet Gynaecol. J24(1):12-15.
Pitocin package insert View Online
Pohjavuori, M., L. Rovamo, et al. (1985). “Plasma immunoreactive beta-endorphin and cortisol in the newborn infant after elective caesarean section and after spontaneous labour.” Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 19(2): 67-74.
Rosenblatt DB, Belsey EM, Lieberman BA, et al. The influence of maternal analgesia on neonatal behaviour: II. Epidural bupivacaine. .” Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1981;88(4):407-13
Rowe-Murray, H. J. and J. R. Fisher (2001). “Operative intervention in delivery is associated with compromised early mother-infant interaction.” Br J Obstet Gynaecol 108(10): 1068-75.
Russell JA, Douglas AJ, Ingram CD. (2001) Brain preparations for maternity–adaptive changes in behavioral and neuroendocrine systems during pregnancy and lactation. An overview. Prog Brain Res.133:1-38.
Sandall J, Soltani H, Gates S, et al. Midwife-led continuity models versus other models of care for childbearing women Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013(8) doi: DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004667.pub3
Schlinzig T, Johansson S, et al Epigenetic modulation at birth – altered DNA-methylation in white blood cells after Caesarean section.Acta Paediatr. 2009 Jul;98(7):1096-9.
Sepkoski CM, Lester BM, Ostheimer GW, et al. The effects of maternal epidural anesthesia on neonatal behavior during the first month. Developmental medicine and child neurology 1992;34(12):1072-80
Smith R. Parturition. N Engl J Med. Jan 18 2007;356(3):271-283.
Smith J, Plaat F, Fisk NM (2008) .The natural caesarean: a woman-centred technique. BJOG Jul;115(8):1037-42; discussion 1042. View online
Stefos T, Sotiriadis A, Tsirkas P, et al. Maternal prolactin secretion during labor. The role of dopamine. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica 2001;80(1):34-8
Tyzio, R., R. Cossart, et al. (2006). Maternal oxytocin triggers a transient inhibitory switch in GABA signaling in the fetal brain during delivery. Science 314(5806): 1788-92.
Tutdibi E, K Gries et al.(2010) Impact of labor on outcomes in transient tachypnea of the newborn: population-based study. Pediatrics.125(3):e577-83
Uvnas-Moberg K. The Oxytocin Factor. Cambridge MA: Da Capo Press, 2003
Uvnas-Moberg K. The Hormone of Closeness: The role of oxytocin in relationships. London: Pinter and Martin, 2013.
Villar J, G Carroll et al. (2007_ Maternal and neonatal individual risks and benefits associated with caesarean delivery: multicentre prospective study BMJ 335(7628):1025
Vogl, S. E., C. Worda, et al. (2006). Mode of delivery is associated with maternal and fetal endocrine stress response. BJOG 113(4): 441-5.
Volpe A, Mazza V, Di Renzo GC. Prolactin and certain obstetric stress conditions. Int J Biol Res Pregnancy. 1982;3(4):161-166.Wiklund, I., M. Norman, et al. (2009). Epidural analgesia: breast-feeding success and related factors. Midwifery 25(2): e31-8.
Wiklund I, Norman M, Uvnas-Moberg K, et al. Epidural analgesia: breast-feeding success and related factors. Midwifery 2009;25(2):e31-8
World Health Organisation (1996, p 16). Care in Normal Birth: a Practical Guide. Report of a Technical Working Group. Geneva, World Health Organisation.
Zak, P Oxytocin, the moral molecule TED Talk View online
Zak PJ. The neurobiology of trust. Scientific American 2008;298(6):88-92, 95
Zanardo V, Nicolussi S,et al. (2001). Labor pain effects on colostral milk beta-endorphin concentrations of lactating mothers. Biol Neonate 79(2):87-90.
Third Stage/ Hour After Birth
Begley CM. The effect of ergometrine on breast feeding. Midwifery 1990;6(2):60-72
Begley CM, Gyte GML, Murphy DJ, Devane D, McDonald SJ, McGuire W. Active versus expectant management for women in the third stage of labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD007412. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007412.pub2.
Berens, P. D. (2004). Applied physiology in the peripartum management of lactation. Clin Obstet Gynecol 47(3): 643-55.
Bergman NJ. reducing (2007) NICU stays by 40% with skin to skin mothering. paper presented at: Gentle Birth World Congress, 2007; Portland OR www.kangaroomothercare.com
Buckles LY, Usher R. (1965) Cardiopulmonary effects of placental transfusion. J Pediatrics . August :239-245
Bystrova, K., A. M. Widstrom, et al. (2003). Skin-to-skin contact may reduce negative consequences of “the stress of being born: a study on temperature in newborn infants, subjected to different ward routines in St. Petersburg.” Acta Paediatr 92(3): 320-6.
Bystrova K, V. Ivanova et al. (1992). Temperature, metabolic adaptation and crying in healthy full-term newborns cared for skin-to-skin or in a cot. Acta Paediatr 81(6-7): 488-93.
Bystrova K, V Ivanova, et al. (2009) Early contact versus separation: effects on mother- infant interaction one year later. Birth. 36(2):97-109.
Christensson K, Siles C. et al. (1992) Temperature, metabolic adaptation and crying in healthy full-term newborns cared for skin-to-skin or in a cot. Acta Paediatr. 81(6-7):488-493.
Darwin E. Zoonomia or The Laws of Organic Life. Second ed. London: J Johnson; 1796
de Chateau P, Wiberg B. (1977) Long-term effect on mother-infant behaviour of extra contact during the first hour post partum. ii. A follow-up at three months. Acta Paediatr Scand. 66(2):145-151.
de Chateau P, Wiberg B. (1984) Long-term effect on mother-infant behaviour of extra contact during the first hour post partum. iii. A follow-up at one year Scand J Soc Med. 1984;12(2):91-103
Diaz-Rossello Jl. (2006) International perspectives: cord clamping for stem cell donation: medical facts and ethics. Neoreviews. 7:557-563, p 562.
Dixon L, Fullerton JT Begley C, Powell Kennedy H, Guilliland K. Systematic Review: The Clinical Effectiveness of Physiological (Expectant) Management of The Third Stage Of Labor Following A Physiological Labor And Birth International Journal Of Childbirth Volume 1, Issue 3, 2011
Farrar D, Airey R, Law GR, Tuffnell D, Cattle B, Duley L. Measuring placental transfusion for term births: weighing babies with cord intact. BJOG. 2011 Jan;118(1):70-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02781.x. Epub 2010 Nov 18
Jonas, W. I. Wiklund, et al. (2007). Newborn skin temperature two days postpartum during breastfeeding related to different labour ward practices. Early Hum Dev 83(1): 55-62.
Kennell JH, McGrath S. What babies teach us: the essential link between baby’s behavior and mother’s biology. Birth. Mar 2001;28(1):20-21
Kinmond S, et al. (1993) Umbilical cord clamping and preterm infants: a randomised trial. Br Med J 306(6871):172-5.
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Matthiesen, A. S., A. B. Ransjo-Arvidson, et al. (2001). Postpartum maternal oxytocin release by newborns: effects of infant hand massage and sucking. Birth 28(1): 13-9.
Mattson BJ, Williams S, Rosenblatt JS, Morrell JI. Comparison of two positive reinforcing stimuli: pups and cocaine throughout the postpartum period. Behav Neurosci. Jun 2001;115(3):683-694.
McDonald SJ, Middleton P, Dowswell T, Morris PS. Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping of term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jul 11;7:CD004074
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Mesa, Ernesto G. Hard data about the side effects of synthetic oxytocin. Workshop presentation at The Mid-Pacific Primal Health Conference on Birth and primal Health Research, Honolulu October 26-28 2012.
Moore ER, GC Anderson,N Bergman (2007) Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.(3):Cd003519.
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Rowe-Murray HJ, Fisher JR. (2001) Operative intervention in delivery is associated with compromised early mother-infant interaction. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 108(10):1068-1075.
Schlinzig T,Johansson TS, Gunnar A, Ekström TJ, Norman M. (2009) Epigenetic modulation at birth – altered DNA-methylation in white blood cells after Caesarean section Acta Pædiatrica June: 1096-1099
Sedlak TW, Snyder SH. (2004) Bilirubin benefits: cellular protection by a biliverdin reductase antioxidant cycle. Pediatrics 113(6):1776-1782.
Sheldon WR, Winikoff B. Controlled cord traction in active management of the third stage of labour. Lancet 2012;380(9848):1146 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61664-x[published Online First: Epub Date]|.
Soltani H, Dickinson F, et al. (2005) Placental cord drainage after spontaneous vaginal delivery as part of the management of the third stage of labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 4
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Uvnas-Moberg, K., A. M. Widstrom, et al. (1990). Oxytocin and prolactin levels in breast-feeding women. Correlation with milk yield and duration of breast-feeding. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 69(4): 301-6.
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